Projects & Collaborations

Ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin concentrations frequently above PNECs.
High concentrations of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim found in hospital effluent.
Hospital effluent wastewater is a hot spot for induction of antimicrobial resistance.
Direct disposal of antimicrobials was identified in hospital effluent wastewater.
Treatment of hospital effluent at source recommended to mitigate risks.

Hospitals’ contribution of chemical indicators to influent wastewater assessed.
Hospitals represented a significant source of antimicrobial residues in wastewater.
Hospitals in smaller catchments generally had more impact on wastewater loads.
Hospital contributions of antimicrobials can meaningfully impact WBE assessments.
This work helps identify high-risk sites and priority targets for intervention.

Spatio-temporal variation in resistome and microbiome across Welsh hospitals.
Distribution of “big five” carbapenemases and mcr gene variants varied spatially.
Presence of WHO-listed fungal priority pathogens and ESKAPEE pathogens.
Antibiotic concentrations above the risk quotient for AMR emergence.
Need for tailored AMR mitigation strategies and pre-treatment of hospital effluents.